I roto i te tuhinga whakamutunga, i kōrero mātou mō te ia o te whanaketanga hangarau okōwae utu puranga utu, ā, kua mārama kua rongo koe i te mōhiotanga e tika ana, kua ako, kua whakaū rānei i te maha o ngā mea. Inaianei! Ka arotahi mātou ki ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga o te umanga puranga utu.
Ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga mō te umanga
(1) Ngā Wero
I muri i te whanaketanga kaha o teumanga puranga utu, he maha hoki ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia. Mai i te tirohanga o ngā hanganga, ko te raruraru o te whakatakotoranga kāore i te tino tika me te hanganga koretake o ngā whare utu he mea nui ake. He tino kikī ngā puranga utu i ngā pokapū tāone nui, engari ko te maha ongā puranga utukāore e ranea i ngā wāhi tūmatanui, i ngā kāinga me ētahi hapori tawhito, ā, ka puta he uauatanga mōwaka pūngao houngā kaiwhakamahi ki te utu i ēnei rohe. I ētahi wāhi tuawhenua tūmatanui, hepuranga utukāore pea e kitea i roto i te radius o ngā tekau kiromita, e kore e kore ka whakawhāiti i te rongonuitanga me te whakatairanga i ngā waka hiko hou i ēnei rohe. He kore taurite hoki kei roto i te ratonga ongā whare utu, he rerekē ngā waitohu, he rerekē ngā rohe o ngā puranga utu i roto i te whakamahinga o te wheako, ngā paerewa utu me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te rerekētanga, ko ētahi puranga utu he tawhito ngā taputapu, he maha ngā rahunga, he koretake te tiaki me ētahi atu raruraru, e pā ana ki te whakamahinga noa o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Te mahi a teTeihana utu hikokāore anō hoki i te tino paerewa te ahumahi. Kāore i te tino kotahi ngā paerewa ahumahi, ā, ka hua ake he kounga kore taurite okōwae utungā hua kei te mākete, ā, ko ētahi hua ngoikore ehara i te mea ka pā ki te pai o te utu, engari he tūponotanga haumaru anō hoki. Hei whakaiti i ngā utu, ka tapahia e ētahi umanga ngā huarahi whakaputa me te whakamahi i ngā wāhanga hiko kounga iti, ka pakaru pea i te wā e whakamahia ana mō te wā roa, ā, ka puta he aituā haumaru pēnei i te ahi. He kaha te whakataetae mākete, ā, ka whakamahia e ētahi umanga ngā rautaki whakataetae utu iti hei whakataetae mō te wāhi mākete, ka mutu ka pēhia te hua whānui o te umanga, ka heke te hua o ngā umanga, ka pā hoki ki te haumi a ngā umanga ki te rangahau me te whanaketanga hangarau me te whakapai ake i te kounga hua ki tētahi taumata, kāore e pai mō te whanaketanga hauora me te pumau o te umanga.
Ko te urunga nui o te umanga me te whakataetae utu nui ko tētahi atu wero nui e pā ana ki tēnei wā.rihi waka hikoumanga. I te tipu haere o te tono mākete, he maha atu ngā umanga e ringihia ana ki rotoPuranga utu EVmākete, ā, ka piki haere te kaha o te whakataetae mākete. Hei tū motuhake mai i te whakataetae, kua tīmata ngā kamupene i ngā pakanga utu, ā, kua whakaheke tonu i ngā utu hua. Nā tēnei whakataetae nanakia kua heke tonu te hua o te umanga, ā, he maha ngā umanga e raru ana ki te whiwhi hua. Nā te ngoikore o te kaha hangarau me te ngoikore o te kaha whakahaere utu, kei te raru ētahi umanga iti i te pakanga utu, ā, kei te tūpono pea rātou ki te whakakore. Ka heke hoki te haumi a ngā umanga ki te kounga hua me te ratonga muri-hoko nā te whakataetae utu, ka pā ki te ahua me te wheako kaiwhakamahi o te umanga katoa.
(2) Ngā Huarahi
Ahakoa ngā wero, ko tekōwae utu puranga utukua whakatūwherahia hoki e te umanga ngā whai wāhitanga whanaketanga onge. He mea nui te kaupapa here hei akiaki i te whanaketanga o te umanga. Kua whakauruhia e ngā kāwanatanga o te ao he raupapa kaupapa here hei tautoko i te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko hou, mengā ahumahi puranga utu, e whakarato ana i tētahi taurangi kaupapa here kaha mō te whanaketanga o te umanga. Kei te whakapiki tonu te kāwanatanga o tō tātou whenua i te tautoko mō tewaka pūngao houumanga, ā, kua whakaurua mai he maha ngā kaupapa here whakatenatena, pērā i ngā tautoko hoko waka, te whakakorenga taake hoko, ngā tautoko hanga whare utu, me ētahi atu, e kore e whakaohooho noa i te kai o ngā waka hiko hou, engari e akiaki ana hoki i te whanaketanga ongā teihana utu waka hiko houme ngā mākete mōrahi utu. Kua whakauruhia hoki e ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe te hanganga orihi hikoki roto i te mahere hanganga hanganga tāone, te whakapiki i te haumitanga ki te hanganga o ngā pou utu, me te waihanga i tētahi wāhi mākete whānui mō te umanga wae utu.
Nā te tipu haere o te tono mākete kua nui ngā whai wāhitanga ki te umanga. Nā te pikinga tonu o ngā hoko o ngā waka hiko hou kua piki ake te tono mākete mōngā puranga utu atamaiHe nui haere ngā kaihoko e whiriwhiri ana ki te hoko waka hiko hou, e hiahia ana kia rite te maha me te whakatakotoranga o ngā pou utu. Hei whakatutuki i te hiahia e tipu haere ana mō te utu, kua tere ake te hanga o ngā pou utu i ngā wāhi maha, ā, he maha ngāngā puranga utu tūmatanuiā, kua hangaia ngā pou utu tūmataiti. Kua whakanuia hoki e ngā whare arumoni, ngā wāhi ratonga huarahi, ngā wāhi noho me ētahi atu wāhi te hanganga ongā teihana utu arumoni, e whakarato ana i ngā whai wāhitanga mākete maha atu mōngā kamupene teihana utu. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau rokiroki pūngao, kua piki ake te hiahia mō ngā waeine utu mōngā pūnaha rokiroki pūngaokei te piki haere haere, e whakawhānui ake ana i te wāhi mākete o ngā waeine utu.
Nā te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau kua puta mai ngā huarahi hou mō te whanaketanga o te umanga. Kei te whakatairanga tonu te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi hou me ngā tukanga hou i te auahatanga me te whakapai ake i tengā teihana utu waka hikohangarau. Mā te whakamahi i ngā rauemi haurua-ā-ira hou pērā i te silicon carbide (SiC) ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te tahuritanga me te mātotoru o te mana o ngā waeine utu hiko, te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao, me te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga me te penapena pūngao o ngā waeine utu. Ka āwhina hoki ngā tukanga hanga hou me ngā hangarau ki te whakapai ake i te kounga hua me te pai o te whakaputa, me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa. Ka whakamahia e ētahi umanga ngā taputapu me ngā hangarau whakaputa aunoa matatau hei whakatutuki i te whakaputanga nui opuranga utu mō te pākahiko waka hiko, e kore e whakapai ake i te pumau o te kounga hua anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu whakaputa me te whakapai ake i te whakataetae mākete o ngā umanga. Mā te whanaketanga o te hangarau atamai ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i ngā waeine utu, mā te whakahaere me te whakahaere atamai, ka taea e te teihana utu te whakatutuki i te whakahaere utu tika ake, te aroturuki mamao me te tautuhi hapa me ētahi atu mahi, me te whakapai ake i te wheako kaiwhakamahi me te whai huatanga o te whakahaere.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-21-2025
