I muri i te māramatanga oTe Whakapūmautanga me te Mana Teitei o ngā Wāhanga Utu mō ngā Puranga Utu EV me ngā Whanaketanga V2G ā Muri Ake Nei, me ārahi koe e au ki te mārama ki ngā whakaritenga matua mō te utu tere i tō waka i te kaha katoa o te puranga utu.

Ngā tikanga tohatoha wera kanorau

I tēnei wā, ko te aronga whanaketanga okōwae utuKo te hangarau, i wehea mai i tōna aratau whakamarara wera, e toru ngā wāhanga hua: ko tētahi he waeine hau tika, te momo hua matua i te mākete, ā, kei te hangaia ngā kamupene waeine katoa; Ko te momo tuatahi he waeine wehe hau motuhake me te kāpia whakakī, Ko te momo tuatahi ko te katoawhakamatao waiwaeine utu whakamarara wera.

Kei ngā momo hua e toru o te waeine utu he āhuatanga o te whakahoutanga hangarau, ā, nā te kaupapa o te ōhanga e whakamahia ana, ka whakapaitia, ka arotauhia hoki te aratau whakamarara wera. Mō ngā kaiwhakahaere puranga utu, ko te tere rahunga o te hiko...ngā puranga utume te haruru, ko ngā raruraru nui e rua, ā, ko te tere o te rahunga o ngā puranga utu ka pā tika ki te hua o te papaanga me te wheako o te kaiwhakamahi. Ko te take matua mō te rahunga o terihi waka hikoko te rahunga o te waeine utu, ā, ko te waeine whakamatao-hau te momo hua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā.

(1) Te hauhautanga tika me te aratau makariri

Mā te pā hau tere-rahi, ka kumea te hau mai i te papa o mua ka tukuna mai i muri o te kōwae, ka tangohia te wera mai i te whakamahana me te taputapu whakamahana. Heoi, ina kei waho te puranga utu, ka konatunatua te hau ki te puehu, te rehu tote me te mamaoa wai ka piri ki te mata o ngā wāhanga o roto o te kōwae, ka hua ake he ngoikore o te whakamarumaru o te pūnaha, he ngoikore te tohatoha wera, he iti te pai o te utu, me te poto o te ora o ngā taputapu. I te wā ua, i te wā haumākū rānei, ka puta he pokepokea ai, he waikura ai ngā taputapu, me ngā ara iahiko poto ka puta ai te pakaru o te kōwae. Tuarua, ka whakamahia e te aratau tohatoha wera hau-whakamatao he pā hau tere-rahi hei whakaputa kaha i te hau, me te pā hau whakamatao o teteihana utu hiko, ka puta he haruru nui. Nō reira, hei whakaiti i te tere rahunga me te haruru o te waeine utu, me whakapai ake, me arotau hoki te aratau whakamahana hau-whakamatao.

(2) Te whakamarara wera o te paipa hau motuhake me te wehe i te paipa hau

Hei whakaoti rapanga o te tere rahunga nui i puta mai i te taiao kino i te wā e whakamahia ana ngā waeine hau-whakamatao me te ngoikore o te mahi whakamarara wera i raro i te mahi wera-teitei mō te wā roa, ka hangaia ngā wāhanga hiko ki roto i te pouaka kati i runga ake i te waeine mā te arotau i te hoahoa o te paipa hau. Ka whakanohoia te whakamahana ki te taha o raro o te pouaka kati, ka karapotia te whakamahana me te pouaka kati e te hoahoa ātete-wai me te ātete-pūehu, ka kohikohia ngā wāhanga hiko whakamahana ki roto o te whakamahana, ā, ka pupuhi noa te hau o waho o te whakamahana hei whakamarara wera, kia tiakina ai ngā wāhanga hiko mai i te parahanga puehu me te waikura. Ka tino whakaitihia te tere rahunga o te hua, ka whakapai ake i te pono me te roa o te mahi o te waeine utu. Kei waenganui i te hau-whakamatao me te wai-whakamatao tēnei momo hua, hei hua he mahi tino pai me te utu taurite, he nui ngā āhuatanga tono, ā, he nui te pūmanawa mākete.

Mai i tōna whakarewatanga, me tana mahi hangarau hou me te whakaaturanga hua, e whakawhirinaki ana ki tana hangarau topology taumata tuatahi EN5 i whakawhanakehia e ia, kua tutuki i a ia te mana teitei me te pai o te huringa teitei, me te pai o te huringa o te 96.5% te arahi i te umanga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te puranga katoa. Ko te pikinga pāmahana whakahaere pai ka ārai i te wera nui o te kōwae, ka whakaiti i te hiahia hiko o te pā, ka whakaiti i te haruru whakahaere neke atu i te 60% ki te whakataurite ki ngā hua rite i te mākete, e whakawhānui ana i te whānuitanga o te tono o ngā hua puranga utu me te whakangawari ake i te whakatinanatanga ki ngā wāhi noho, ki ngā toa hokohoko, ki ngā whare me ētahi atu āhuatanga. Ko te kiato mana ārahi ahumahi, he iti ake te rahi o te kōwae i te wā e whakapai ake ana te mana, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mana teitei ake me te iti ake o ngā kōwae, ka penapena pai i te whakamahinga o ngā pae parahi i roto i te taura hiko kōwae me teteihana utu waka hiko.

(3) Hangarau utu matao wai katoa

Te whakamatao wai me te whakamarara wera: Ki te whakataurite ki te waeine utu hau-whakamatao, ka whakawhiti wera te taputapu whakamahana i roto i te pūnaha waeine utu wai-whakamatao me te whakamahana mā te whakamatao, ā, he iti ake te haruru. I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia e te waeine utu wai-whakamatao he hoahoa kua kati katoa, kāore e pā ki te puehu, ki ngā hau mura me ngā hau pahū me ētahi atu poke, he nui ake te tiaki, ā, ka pai ake te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga me te roa o te ratonga. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te roa o te ratonga o te pūnaha whakamatao hau tikanga he 3~5 tau, ā, ka neke atu i te 10 tau te roa o te ratonga o te pūnaha whakamatao wai. Heoi, i tēnei wā, he utu nui te aratau whakamatao wai, ā, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga he nui te haruru me ngā whakaritenga tiaki. I te heke mai, me te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau me te whakapai ake i ngā whakaritenga kounga ongā puranga utu hiko dc mana teiteimō ngā waeine utu, e matapaetia ana ka whakakapia mārire te whakamatao hau e te aratau whakamatao wai.

Ko te hangarau whakamatao wai me te whakamarara wera matua o te ahumahi e whakamahia ana hei wehe me te tiaki i te parahanga o waho, ka taea te whakaoti rapanga o te tere rahunga nui me te haruru nui o ngā kōwae tuku iho, ā, ka whakapai ake i te tiakitanga me te pono o te kōwae utu me te whakatutuki i te utu tere rawa.

He mea tika kia mōhiotia ko te whakapono whānuitia ko tekōwae utu wai-whakamataoKo te otinga tino pai mō te whanaketanga o te hangarau waeine utu i Haina. Heoi, kei te aro tonu ētahi atu whenua pēnei i a Ūropi me Amerika ki te tohatoha wera taiao me ngā awa hau motuhake.