I te tere haere o te whakamahinga o ngā waka hiko (EV) o te ao—me ngā hokonga o te tau 2024 e neke atu ana i te 17.1 miriona waeine me ngā matapae o te 21 miriona i te tau 2025—ka piki haere te tono mō ngā waka hiko pakari.Hanganga utu EVkua eke ki ngā taumata teitei kāore i kitea i mua. Heoi, ka whanake tēnei tipu i roto i te horopaki o te huringa ōhanga, ngā taupatupatu hokohoko, me te auahatanga hangarau, e hanga hou ana i te whenua whakataetae mōngā kaiwhakarato teihana utu. 1. Te Tipu o te Mākete me ngā Āhuatanga ā-Rohe E matapaetia ana ka tipu te mākete taputapu utu EV i te 26.8% CAGR, ka eke ki te $456.1 piriona i te tau 2032, nā te whakatinanatanga o ngā utu tūmatanui me ngā whakatenatena a te kāwanatanga. Ko ngā tirohanga matua ā-rohe ko:
- Amerika ki te Raki:Neke atu i te 207,000 ngā teihana utu ā-iwi hei te tau 2025, e tautokona ana e te $5 piriona i roto i te pūtea ā-motu i raro i te Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). Heoi, ko ngā pikinga taripa o te wā o Trump (hei tauira, 84% mō ngā wāhanga EV Hainamana) kei te whakawehi i ngā mekameka tuku me te pumau o ngā utu.
- Ūropi:Te whai i te 500,000 ngā rihi tūmatanui i te tau 2025, me te arotahi kiTe utu tere DCi te taha o ngā huarahi tere. Ko te ture 60% o te ihirangi ā-rohe a te EU mō ngā kaupapa tūmatanui e akiaki ana i ngā kaiwhakarato o tāwāhi ki te whakaputa i ā-rohe.
- Āhia-Moananui-a-Kiwa:Ko Haina te rangatira, e pupuri ana i te 50% o ngā teihana utu o te ao. Kei te whakamahi ngā mākete hou pēnei i a Īnia me Thailand i ngā kaupapa here EV kaha, me te whāinga a Thailand kia noho hei pokapū hanga EV ā-rohe.
2. Ngā Whakawhanaketanga Hangarau e Ārahi ana i te Hiahia Kei te hurihia te umanga e te Utu Mana-Tiketike (HPC) me te whakahaere pūngao atamai:
- Ngā Pūhara 800V:Nā ngā kaihanga waka pēnei i a Porsche me BYD i whakahohe, kei te rongonui haere ngā utunga tino tere (80% i roto i te 15 meneti), e hiahiatia ana he utunga DC 150-350kW.
- Whakaurunga V2G:Mā ngā pūnaha utu ā-rua ka taea e ngā EV te whakau i ngā whatunga hiko, me te hono atu ki ngā otinga pūngao rā me te rokiroki. Ko te paerewa NACS a Tesla me te GB/T o Haina ngā kaiārahi i ngā mahi mahi tahi.
- Te Utu Ahokore:Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā hangarau whakaterenga hou mō ngā kahui arumoni, ā, ka whakaiti i te wā kore mahi i ngā pokapū kawe waka.
3. Ngā Wero Ōhanga me ngā Whakautu Rautaki Ngā Ārai Tauhokohoko me ngā Pēhanga Utu:
- Ngā Pānga o te Tari Taake:Ko ngā utu tāke o Amerika mō ngā wāhanga EV Hainamana (tae atu ki te 84%) me ngā ture ā-rohe o te EU kei te akiaki i ngā kaihanga ki te whakarahi ake i ngā mekameka tuku. Ko ngā kamupene pēnei i aTe Mana o BeiHaiKei te whakatū te Rōpū i ngā wheketere hanga huihuinga ki Mehiko me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia hei karo i ngā mahi.
- Ngā Whakahekenga Utu Pūhiko:I heke te utu o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion mā te 20% i te tau 2024 ki te $115/kWh, ā, i heke ai ngā utu EV engari i kaha ake ai te whakataetae utu i waenga i ngā kaiwhakarato rihi.
Ngā Huarahi ki te Whakamahinga Hiko Pakihi:
- Tukunga Whakamutunga:Ko ngā waka hiko, e matapaetia ana ka noho hei rangatira mō te mākete $50 piriona i te tau 2034, me whai wāhi ki ngā putunga utu tere DC ka taea te whakanui ake.
- Te Waka a te Iwi:Ko ngā tāone pēnei i a Oslo (88.9% te whakamahi i te EV) me ngā ture mō ngā rohe kore-tukunga (ZEZ) kei te akiaki i te hiahia mō ngā whatunga utu tāone kiato nui.
4. Ngā Kaupapa Rautaki mō ngā Kaitākaro Ahumahi Hei angitu i roto i tēnei taiao uaua, me whakarite e ngā kaipupuri hea:
- Te Hanga ā-Rohe:Te mahi tahi me ngā kaihanga ā-rohe (hei tauira, ngā wheketere nui a Tesla i te EU) hei whakatutuki i ngā ture ihirangi me te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere.
- Hototahi Paerewa Maha:Te whakawhanake i ngā rihi e tautoko anaCCS1, CCS2, GB/T, me NACShei mahi mā ngā mākete o te ao.
- Te Manawanui o te Whatunga:Te whakauru i ngā teihana hiko-rā me te pūmanawa taurite-kawenga hei whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te whatunga hiko.
Te Huarahi kei mua Ahakoa kei te mau tonu ngā taupatupatu ā-ao me ngā āwangawanga ōhanga, ko te rāngai utu EV tonu te pou matua o te whakawhiti pūngao. E rua ngā au nui e whakamāramahia ana e ngā kaitātari mō te tau 2025–2030:
- Ngā Mākete Puta Ake:Kāore anō kia whakamahia te pūmanawa o Āwherika me Amerika Latina, me te tipu ā-tau o te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko e 25% me utu te utu.Ngā otinga utu hiko me te waea pūkoro.
- Te Pōhēhētanga o te Kaupapa Here:Tērā pea ka huri te āhua o ngā pūtea tautoko i ngā pōtitanga o Amerika me ngā whiriwhiringa hokohoko a te EU, me te hiahia kia tere te mahi a ngā kaihanga.
WhakamutungaKei te tū te umanga utu hiko EV i tētahi huarahi whakawhitiwhiti: mā ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā whāinga pumau ka akiaki i te tipu, ko ngā taripa me ngā paerewa wehewehe e hiahia ana ki te auahatanga rautaki. Ko ngā kamupene e tautoko ana i te ngāwari, te rohe, me te hanganga atamai ka ārahi i te huarahi ki tētahi heke mai hiko.Mō ngā otinga ritenga hei whakatere i tēnei whenua e whanake haere ana, [Whakapā mai] i tēnei rā.
Wā tuku: 18 Paenga-whāwhā 2025
