Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko me ngā āheinga utu rua-ahu hei whakakaha i ngā kāinga, hei whakahoki i te hiko ki te whatunga hiko, tae atu ki te whakarato hiko tārua i ngā wā motuhanga hiko, i ngā āhuatanga ohorere rānei. Ko ngā waka hiko he pākahiko nui kei runga wira, nō reira ka taea e ngā utu rua-ahu te penapena hiko iti te utu i waho o te wā pīka, ka whakaiti i ngā utu hiko o te whare. Ko tēnei hangarau hou, e mōhiotia ana ko te waka-ki-te-whatunga (V2G), he kaha ki te huri i te mahi a tā tātou whatunga hiko, me ngā tekau mano o ngā waka hiko ka taea te whakarato hiko i te wā kotahi i ngā wā pīka.
Me pēhea te mahi?
He taputapu utu waka hiko matatau (EV) te taputapu utu waka hiko (EV) e taea ai te utu i ngā taha e rua. Ahakoa te āhua māmā noa iho, he uaua te tukanga whakawhiti mana mai i te auhiko whakawhiti (AC) ki te auhiko tika (DC), he rerekē ki te taputapu utu EV kotahi-ara noa e whakamahi ana i te AC.
He rerekē te mahi a ngā rihi hiko rua-ara ki ngā pūwhakawhiti hiko, arā, ka huri i te AC ki te DC i te wā e utu ana, ā, ka huri anō hoki i te wā e whakaweto ana. Heoi anō, ka taea anake te whakamahi i ngā rihi hiko rua-ara me ngā waka e hototahi ana ki te utu DC rua-ara. Engari, he iti noa iho te maha o ngā EV e taea ana te utu rua-ara i tēnei wā. Nā te mea he uaua ake ngā rihi hiko rua-ara, he nui ake te utu i ngā rihi EV noa, nā te mea e whakamahi ana i ngā hiko whakawhiti hiko matatau hei whakahaere i te rere o te pūngao o te waka.
Mō te whakakaha i ngā whare, ka whakauruhia hoki e ngā rihi hiko e rua-ara ngā taputapu hei whakahaere i ngā kawenga me te wehe i te whare mai i te whatunga hiko i te wā e motu ana te hiko, he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te motuhanga. He tino rite te kaupapa mahi taketake o te rihi hiko e rua-ara ki te kaitahuri e rua-ara, e mahi ana hei pūtake hiko tārua i roto i ngā pūnaha rokiroki pākahiko kāinga.
He aha te kaupapa o te utunga ā-rua?
E rua ngā whakamahinga e taea ai te whakamahi i ngā rihi hiko e rua-ara. Ko te tuatahi, ko te mea tino hira ko te Waka-ki-te-Whatunga, V2G rānei, i hangaia hei tuku, hei whakaputa rānei i te pūngao ki te whatunga hiko ina nui te tono. Mena ka monohia ngā mano tini o ngā waka V2G me te whakahohe, ka taea e tēnei te whakarerekē nui i te āhua o te penapena me te whakaputa hiko. He nui, he kaha hoki ngā pākahiko o ngā waka hiko, nō reira ka nui rawa te mana katoa o ngā mano tini o ngā waka V2G. Kia mahara ko te V2X he kupu e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i ngā hoahoa e toru e kōrerohia ana i raro nei:
I. Waka-ki-te-whāiti, V2G rānei – Pūngao EV hei tautoko i te whatunga.
II. Waka-ki-te-kāinga, V2H rānei – te pūngao EV e whakamahia ana hei whakakaha i ngā whare, i ngā pakihi rānei.
III. Waka-ki-te-uta, V2L rānei – Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā EV hei whakakaha i ngā taputapu hiko, hei utu rānei i ētahi atu waka hiko.
Ko te whakamahinga tuarua o te rihi hiko EV e rua-ara ko te Waka-ki-te-kāinga, ko te V2H rānei. E ai ki te ingoa, mā te V2H ka taea te whakamahi i ngā waka hiko pērā i te pūnaha pākahiko kāinga hei penapena i te kaha o te rā me te whakakaha i tō kāinga. Hei tauira, ko te kaha o te pūnaha pākahiko kāinga noa, pērā i te Tesla Powerwall, he 13.5 kWh. Hei whakataurite, ko te kaha o te waka hiko noa he 65 kWh, tata rite ki te rima Tesla Powerwalls. Nā te nui o te kaha o te pākahiko, ina honoa ki te hiko rā o te tuanui, ka taea e te waka hiko kua whakakahangia katoatia te whakakaha i te whare noa mō ētahi rā, neke atu rānei.
1. Waka-ki-te-whatunga- V2G
Ko te waka-ki-te-whatunga (V2G) e pā ana ki te mahi whāngai i tētahi wāhanga iti o te pūngao kua rongoatia mai i te pākahiko o tētahi waka hiko ki te whatunga ina hiahiatia. Me whai rihi DC rua-ara me tētahi waka hiko hototahi te whai wāhi atu ki tētahi kaupapa V2G. Kei reira ngā whakatenatena, pērā i ngā nama, ngā utu hiko iti rānei mō ngā kaipupuri EV. Ka taea hoki e ngā EV kua whakauruhia ki te V2G te whai wāhi atu ki ngā kaupapa VPP (Putunga Hiko Waka) hei whakapai ake i te pumau o te whatunga me te whakarato hiko i ngā wā tino hiahiatia.
Ahakoa te rongonui, ko tētahi o ngā wero o te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau V2G ko ngā arai ture me te kore o ngā kawa utu rua-ara me ngā hononga paerewa. Ko ngā utu rua-ara, pērā i ngā inverters solar, e kiia ana he tikanga whakaputa hiko rerekē, ā, me tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru me te motumotu ture katoa mēnā ka pakaru te whatunga hiko. Hei whakakore i ēnei uauatanga, kua whakawhanakehia e ētahi kaihanga motuka, pērā i a Ford, ngā pūnaha utu rua-ara AC māmā ake e mahi ana me ngā EV Ford anake hei whakakaha i ngā whare, kaua ki te tuku hiko ki te whatunga hiko.
2. Waka ki te Kāinga - V2H
He rite te Waka-ki-te-Kāinga (V2H) ki te V2G, engari ka whakamahia te pūngao ā-rohe hei whakakaha i te kāinga, kaua e whāngaihia ki te whatunga hiko. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā waka hiko te mahi pērā i te pūnaha pākahiko kāinga noa, ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te mana motuhake, inā koa ka honoa ki te hiko o te rā i runga i te tuanui. Heoi, ko te painga tino kitea o te V2H ko tōna kaha ki te whakarato hiko tārua i te wā e motu ana te hiko.
Kia tika ai te mahi a te V2H, me whai kaitahuri rua-aronga hototahi me ētahi atu taputapu, tae atu ki tētahi mita pūngao (me tētahi whakawhiti iahiko) kua tāutahia ki te pūwāhi hononga matua. Ka aroturukihia e te whakawhiti iahiko te rere o te pūngao ki roto, ki waho hoki i te whatunga hiko. Ina kitea e te pūnaha kei te pau te pūngao whatunga i tō whare, ka tohu atu ki te rihi EV rua-aronga kia tukuna he nui rite o te hiko hei whakakore i tetahi mana e tangohia ana mai i te whatunga hiko. Waihoki, ina kitea e te pūnaha te putanga pūngao mai i tētahi huinga photovoltaic rā i runga i te tuanui, ka hurihia hei utu i te EV, he rite tonu ki tētahi rihi EV atamai.
Hei whakahohe i te hiko tārua i ngā wā motu hiko, i ngā āhuatanga ohorere rānei, me kite te pūnaha V2H i te motuhanga mai i te whatunga hiko, ā, me wehe te whare mai i te whatunga hiko. Kia motuhanga, ka mahi te inverter rua-ara hei inverter waho-whatunga, e whakakahangia ana e te pākahiko o te EV. Me whakamahi taputapu wehe whatunga tāpiri, pērā i ngā whakapā aunoa (ATS), hei whakahohe i te mahi tārua, pērā i ngā inverter ranu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha pūtau solar.
3. Waka ki te Utaina - V2L
He māmā ake te hangarau Waka-ki-Utaina (V2L) nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he rihi taha-rua. Kei ngā waka kua whakauruhia ki te V2L he kaitahuri whakauru e whakarato ana i te hiko AC mai i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā putanga paerewa i roto i te waka, ka taea te whakamahi hei mono i tētahi taputapu whare noa. Heoi, ko ētahi waka e whakamahi ana i tētahi urutau V2L motuhake e mono ana ki te putanga utu o te waka hiko hei whakarato i te hiko AC. I roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere, ka taea te toro atu i tētahi taura toronga mai i te waka ki te kāinga hei whakakaha i ngā kawenga taketake pēnei i te rama, ngā rorohiko, ngā pouaka whakamātao, me ngā taputapu tunu kai.
Ka whakamahia te V2L mō te hiko kore-pūnaha me te hiko tārua
Ka taea e ngā waka he V2L te whakamahi i ngā taura toronga hei whakarato hiko tārua mō te whakahaere i ētahi taputapu hiko. Tērā atu rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi pana whakawhiti AC motuhake hei hono tika i te hiko V2L ki tētahi papa tohatoha tārua, ki te papa tohatoha matua rānei.
Ka taea hoki te whakauru i ngā waka kua whakauruhia ki te V2L ki roto i ngā pūnaha hiko pūngao rā kore-whatunga hei whakaiti, hei whakakore rānei i te hiahia mō tētahi whakaputa hiko tārua. Ko te nuinga o ngā pūnaha hiko pūngao rā kore-whatunga he kaitahuri rua-ara, e taea ai te whakamahi hiko mai i tētahi pūtake AC, tae atu ki ngā waka kua whakauruhia ki te V2L. Heoi, me tāuta me te whirihora e tētahi tohunga hiko pūngao rā, e tētahi tohunga hiko whai tohu rānei, kia pai ai te whakahaere.
— TE MUTUNGA—
I konei, kia mārama ki te "uho" me te "wairua" o ngā puranga utu.
Tātaritanga hōhonu: Me pēhea te mahi a ngā puranga utu AC/DC?
Ngā whakahoutanga hou: Te utu puhoi, te utu nui, te V2G…
Ngā tirohanga ahumahi: Ngā au hangarau me te whakamārama kaupapa here
Whakamahia te tohungatanga hei tiaki i tō haerenga matomato
Whāia ahau, ā, e kore rawa koe e ngaro ina tae mai ki te utu!
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 26-2025
