Puranga utu BEIHAIHe rite tonu tana mahi ki te teihana penehīni i roto i te papu penehīni, ka taea te whakau ki te whenua, ki te pakitara rānei, ka tāuta ki ngā whare tūmatanui (ngā whare tūmatanui, ngā toa hokohoko, ngā wāhi waka tūmatanui, me ētahi atu) me ngā wāhi waka noho, teihana utu rānei, ka taea te hanga i runga i ngā taumata ngaohiko rerekē mō ngā momo utu waka hiko. I te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko hou kei te pai haere, kei te pai haere, kei te pai haere hoki te taumata o te whakaae mō ngā waka hiko hou, kei te teitei ake hoki te taumata o te whakaae, i roto i te whakamahinga o ngā waka hiko hou, ka taea te utu hei waka hiko hou hei whakakī i te pūtake o te huarahi, ka taea te utu mō ngā waka hiko hou hei whakarato i te whānuitanga e hiahiatia ana, i roto i te utu, ina ua, he maha ngā ngākau o te tangata e ki ana i te āwangawanga, mō ngā waka hiko hou. He teitei te taumata o te hiko, ka taea hoki te utu mō te puranga utu mō te ua, engari i te ua me tino whai i ngā tohutohu whakamahinga me te whakahaere hei whakamahi, kia pai ai te utu. Mai i te tirohanga o te whakamahinga o ngā waka, he paerewa hoahoa nui te utu me ētahi atu wāhanga, i te wa ano mō ngā whakaritenga o tepuranga utuHe paerewa tino kaha anō hoki tēnei, nā te International Electrotechnical Commission i tuhi ngā raraunga taumata tiaki IP e whakaatu ana ka taea te wehewehe i te taumata parewai o ngā taputapu hiko ki te katoa o IPX1 ki te IPX8, me ngā puranga utu o te taumata tiaki, mā te pūnaha utu e whakamahi te taumata tiaki o IPX5, te taumata tiaki o te pū utu ki te IPX6, mai i te puranga utu o te taumata tiaki, mā te pūnaha utu e whakamahi te taumata tiaki o IPX5, ka eke te taumata tiaki o te puranga utu ki te IPX5 mō te pūnaha utu, IPX6 mō te pū utu, me te IP6, IP7 rānei mō te paerewa parewai o te waka. Mai i te tirohanga paerewa, he tino pakari ngā whakaritenga noa mō te atanga utu ā-motu, me ārai te utu i mua i te tīmatanga o te taha waka me te taha puranga hei aroturuki, ā, tuarua, mai i te puranga utu me te utu waka, i roto i te pū utu ki roto i te rihi waka i muri i te pūnaha CMS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Utu) tuatahi hei whakaū i te tika o te taiao utu. Nā te mea he ngaohiko teitei katoa ngā puranga utu, nō reira me whakarite kei te noa te utu o te waka, ina puta he raruraru, kāore te pū utu e tīmata te utu, hei karo i te raruraru turuturu, hei tiaki i te whanonga utu o ngā tika me ngā painga whaiaro. Tuarua, kei roto hoki i ēnei puranga DC (utu tere) he āhuatanga tiaki ngaohiko whakauru, he tiaki ara-poto, me ētahi atu āhuatanga tiaki kaha i runga i ngā puranga AC, kia tika ai te tiaki i ngā puranga me ngā tāngata i te wā e utu ana i ngā rā ua. Nō reira, kāore he raruraru o te utu i ngā rā ua.
Puranga utu BEIHAIHe rite tonu tana mahi ki te teihana penehīni i roto i te papu penehīni, ka taea te whakamau ki te whenua, ki te pakitara rānei, ka tāuta ki ngā whare tūmatanui (ngā whare tūmatanui, ngā toa hokohoko, ngā wāhi waka tūmatanui, me ētahi atu) me ngā rohe noho waka waka, teihana utu rānei, kia rite ki ngā taumata ngaohiko rerekē mō ngā momo tauira utu waka hiko. I te whanaketanga o ngā waka hiko hou kei te pai haere, kei te pai haere, kei te pai haere hoki, mō ngā puranga utu waka hiko hou, kei te teitei haere hoki te taumata whakaae. I roto i te whakamahinga o ngā waka hiko hou, ka taea te utu hei waka hiko hou hei whakakī i te pūtake o te huarahi, ka taea te utu mō ngā waka hiko hou hei whakarato i te whānuitanga e hiahiatia ana. I roto i te utu, ina ua, he maha ngā tāngata e āwangawanga ana, mō ngā waka hiko hou. He nui te hiko, ka taea hoki te utu mō te puranga utu mō te ua, engari i te ua me tino whai i ngā tohutohu whakamahi me te whakahaere hei whakamahi, kia maeneene ai te utu.
Mai i te tirohanga o te whakamahinga o ngā waka, he tino paerewa hoahoa ngā taputapu utu me ētahi atu wāhanga, ā, i te wa ano he paerewa tino kaha mō ngā whakaritenga o te puranga utu, i tuhia e te International Electrotechnical Commission ngā raraunga taumata tiaki IP e whakaatu ana ka taea te wehewehe i te taumata parewai o ngā taputapu hiko ki te katoa o IPX1 ki te IPX8, me ngā puranga utu o te taumata tiaki.pūnaha utuMā te whakamahi i te taumata tiaki o IPX5, ka eke te taumata tiaki o te pū utu ki te IPX6, mai i te taumata tiaki puranga utu, ka whakamahia e te pūnaha utu he taumata tiaki o IPX5, ka eke te taumata tiaki o ngā pū utu ki te IPX5 mō te pūnaha utu, IPX6 mō te pū utu, me te IP6, IP7 rānei mō te paerewa ārai wai o te waka. Mai i te tirohanga paerewa, he tino pakari ngā whakaritenga noa mō te atanga utu, me ārai te taha o te waka me te taha puranga i mua i te tīmatanga o te utu, ā, tuarua, me aroturuki te taha o te puranga utu me te utu waka i roto i te pū utu i muri i te whakaurunga o te pūnaha CMS (Pūnaha Whakahaere Utu) ki te whakaū tuatahi kei te tika te taiao utu, i muri i ngā mea katoa,ngā puranga utuHe ngaohiko teitei katoa, nō reira me whakarite kei te tika te utu o te waka. Kia puta he raruraru, kāore te pū utu e tīmata ki te utu, ka ārai i te raru turuturu, hei tiaki i te whanonga utu o ngā mana me ngā pānga whaiaro.
Tuarua, kei roto hoki i ēnei puranga hiko DC (utu tere) ngā āhuatanga tiaki hiko nui, tiaki hiko poto, me ētahi atu āhuatanga tiaki kaha i runga i ngā puranga hiko AC, kia tika ai te tiaki i ngā puranga me ngā tāngata i te wā e utu ana i ngā rā ua. Nō reira, kāore he raruraru ki te utu i te ua.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-18-2024
