Whakamātautau tiaki whenua mō ngā pou utu AC/DC mō ngā waka hiko hou

1. Te tiaki whenua o ngā puranga utu

E rua ngā momo o ngā teihana utu hiko:Ngā puranga utu ACme ngā puranga utu DC. Ka whakaratohia e ngā puranga utu AC te mana AC 220V, ka hurihia hei mana DC ngaohiko teitei e te rihi kei runga i te papa hei utu i te pākahiko hiko.Ngā puranga utu DCwhakarato i te hiko AC toru-wāhanga 380V, e utu tika ana i te pākahiko mā te tauranga utu tere me te kore e haere mā te rihi kei runga. E whakamārama ana te paerewa ā-motu GB/T20234.1 i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā atanga waka me ngā atanga tuku hiko.Ngā rihi AC EVwhakamahia te atanga pine-whitu paerewa ā-motu, i te wāNgā rihi DCWhakamahia te atanga iwa-pine paerewa ā-motu. Ko ngā pine PE o ngā atanga utu e rua kei te taha o te waka he pūmau whenua (tirohia te Pikitia 1). Ko te mahi a te waea whenua PE he whakapūmau pono i te tinana o te waka hiko mā te ACteihana utu waka hikoI roto i te paerewa ā-motu GB/T 18487.1, me hono te waea whenua PE o te taputapu tuku hiko ki te whenua tinana waka hiko (pine PE i te Pikitia 1) kia pai ai te mahi a te aratau utu o te waka hiko.

Pikitia 1. Pine PE o te Atanga Utu taha-Waka

Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga utu kei reira he ACteihana utu waka hikoka whakamahia he hononga waka mono-rua-ara hei hono atu kite tauranga utu o te waka hikohei tauira, ka tātarihia te ara iahiko whakahaere o tēnei pūnaha utu, ā, ka whakaaturia tōna hoahoa ara iahiko ki te Pikitia 2.

Ina whakaritea te taputapu hiko ki te utu, ki te kore he hapa o te taputapu, me 12V te ngaohiko i te pūwāhi kite 1.

Ina pupuri te kaiwhakahaere i te pū utu, ka pēhi i te raka ā-mīhini, ka kati te S3, engari kāore te atanga o te waka i tino hono, ko te ngaohiko i te pūwāhi kite 1 he 9V.

Ina tepū utuIna hono katoatia ki te tauranga utu o te waka, ka kati a S2. I tēnei wā, ka tere te heke o te ngaohiko i te pūwāhi kimi 1. Ka whakaū te taputapu tuku hiko i te tohu mā te hononga CC, ā, ka kitea te iahiko ka taea e te taura utu te tu atu, ka whakawhiti i te pana S1 mai i te pito 12V ki te pito PWM.

Ina heke te ngaohiko i te pūwāhi kite 1 ki te 6V, ka huri te K1 me te K2 o ngā taputapu tuku hiko ki te tata ki te iahiko putanga, ā, ka oti te ara iahiko tuku hiko. I muri i te hononga hiko o te waka hiko me te taputapu tuku hiko, ka whakatauhia e te taputapu whakahaere waka te kaha tuku hiko mōrahi o te taputapu tuku hiko mā te aromatawai i te huringa mahi o te tohu PWM i te pūwāhi kite 2. Hei tauira, mō te puranga utu 16A, ko te huringa mahi he 73.4%, nō reira ka rerekē te ngaohiko i te pito CP i waenga i te 6V me te -12V, ko te ngaohiko i te pito CC… Ka heke te ngaohiko pito mai i te 4.9V (āhua hono) ki te 1.4V (āhua utu).

Kia mōhio te waeine whakahaere waka kua honoa katoatia te hononga utu (arā, kua kati a S3 me S2) ā, kia oti hoki te whakatakoto i te iahiko whakauru mōrahi e whakaaetia ana mō te rihi kei runga i te papa (ka huri a S1 ki te pūrua PWM, kua kati a K1 me K2), ka tīmata te rihi kei runga i te papa ki te utu i te waka hiko.

I roto i tēnei tukanga, ki te momotuhia te waea whenua PE, kāore he huringa ngaohiko i te pūwāhi kite, kāore e taea te whakahaere i te ara iahiko tuku hiko, ā, kāore e taea te whakatū hononga hiko i waenga i te waka hiko me te taputapu tuku hiko. I tēnei wā, ka noho te rihi hiko i roto i te āhua whakaweto.

2. Whakamātautau momotu whenua o te pūnaha utu

Mena ko te whenua o tētahiPūnaha utu o te puranga utu ACKi te kore e mahi tika, ka turuturu te hiko o te taputapu hiko, ka arahi pea ki te ru hiko me te whara tangata. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakamātautau me te tirotiro i ngā pou utu. E ai ki ngā paerewa pēnei i te GB/T20324, GB/T 18487, me te NB/T 33008, ko te whakamātautau i te pou utu AC ko ngā tirotiro whānui, ngā whakamātautau whakawhiti ara iahiko i runga i te kawenga, me ngā whakamātautau rerekētanga hononga. Mā te whakamahi i te BAIC EV200 hei tauira, ka kitea te pānga o te whenua PE rerekē ki te tūnga utu o te pūnaha utu mā te whakamātautau i ngā huringa o te iahiko whakauru me te iahiko whakaputa o te rihi i runga i te papa.

I roto i te pūnaha e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3, ko ngā pito CC me CP i te taha maui o te rihi kei runga i te papa he rārangi tohu whakahaere utu; ko PE te waea whenua; ā, ko L me N he pito tāuru 220V AC.

Ko ngā pito kei te taha matau o te hoahoa rihi kei runga i te papa he pito whakawhitiwhiti ngaohiko iti. Ko tā rātou mahi matua he whakahoki i te tohu rihi kei runga i te papa ki te raina whakaū hononga VCU, whakahohe i te raina tohu whakaoho utu hei whakaoho i te papa taputapu e whakaatu ana i te tūnga hononga, ā, kia whakaoho te rihi i te VCU me te BMS. Kātahi ka whakaoho te VCU i te papa taputapu hei tīmata ki te whakaatu i te tūnga utu. Ko ngā whakawhiti matua pai me te kino i roto i te pākahiko hiko ka whakahaerehia e te BMS kia kati mā roto i ngā whakahau mai i te VCU, ka oti te tukanga utu pākahiko hiko. Ko te pito kei raro o te rihi kei runga i te papa i te Pikitia 3, e hono ana ki te pouaka whakahaere ngaohiko teitei, ko te pito putanga DC ngaohiko teitei.

I roto i te whakamātautau hapa whenua PE, e rua ngā rawhi iahiko i whakamahia hei ine i ngā iahiko tāuru me ngā iahiko tāuru i te wā kotahi. I whakatakotoria he hapa ara iahiko tuwhera PE mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūtake hiko AC i hangaia e ia anō. I te wā i whenuahia ai te raina PE i te tikanga noa, kua ON te pana whenua. I te wā i whakamahia ai te rawhi iahiko ki te raina L (N rānei), ko te iahiko tāuru AC i inehia o te rihi i runga i te papa he tata ki te 16A. I te wā i whakamahia ai te rawhi iahiko kē atu ki te pito hiko putanga DC o te rihi i runga i te papa, ko te iahiko i inehia he tata ki te 9A.

I te momotutanga o te waea whenua PE, ā, i te OTI te pana whenua, ko te iahiko whakauru AC i inehia o te rihi i runga i te papa ko 0A, ā, ko te iahiko mana putanga DC ko 0A anō hoki. I te mahi anō i te whakamātautau ara iahiko tuwhera, ka hoki tonu ngā iahiko e rua ki te 0A. E whakaatu ana tēnei whakamātautau ara iahiko tuwhera i te pito PE ina momotuhia te waea whenua PE, kāore he iahiko i ngā pito whakauru me ngā pito putanga o te rihi i runga i te papa, ko te tikanga kāore te rihi i runga i te papa e mahi ana, nō reira kāore e tukuna he hiko ngaohiko teitei ki te pouaka whakahaere ngaohiko teitei, ka ārai i te pākahiko hiko mai i te utu.

He mea nui te tiaki whenua mō ngā pou utu hiko AC. Ki te kore he tiaki whenua, ka pā mai pea ngā tūponotanga ru hiko ki ngā teihana utu. Nā te tiaki whakaweto-ā-unoa o te ara iahiko utu, kāore e taea te whakatū hononga i waenga i te waka hiko me te taputapu tuku hiko, ā, kāore e mahi te rihi hiko i runga i te papa.

—TE MUTUNGA—